The functions of the spur are unknown. What is the average cub weight? Lions and tigers are among the most ferocious animals but there are important differences between them. 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[235][230] A lioness-headed ivory carving found in Vogelherd cave in the Swabian Alb, southwest Germany, is dubbed Löwenmensch (lion-human) in German. [2] Most lions now live in East and Southern Africa; their numbers are rapidly decreasing, and fell by an estimated 30–50% in the late half of the 20th century. but that's nothing compared to male lions. In 2015, it was estimated that this population consists of about 400 animals, including fewer than 250 mature individuals. [242][243] The Lion of Babylon was the foremost symbol of the Babylonian Empire. The gestation period for lions is around four months. [225] Sick or injured animals may be more prone to man-eating but the behaviour is not unusual, nor necessarily aberrant. [72], African lions live in scattered populations across Sub-Saharan Africa. [64], Lions are part of a group of exotic animals that have been central to zoo exhibits since the late 18th century. It also noted that male lions live for only 10 years in wild while female lions live longer. It is usually more diurnal than other big cats, but when persecuted it adapts to being active at night and at twilight. They enjoy swimming, which is a characteristic of tigers, and are very sociable like lions. Males have broader heads and a prominent mane that grows downwards and backwards covering most of the head, neck, shoulders, and chest. [74] In the 1960s, it became extinct in North Africa, except in the southern part of Sudan. [246] Lions are frequently mentioned in the Bible; notably in the Book of Daniel in which the eponymous hero refuses to worship King Darius and is forced to sleep in the lions' den where he is miraculously unharmed (Dan 6). When in estrus or "heat", she will pair up with a male of the pride for a few days during which time they will mate repeatedly. They persist in three protected areas in the region, mostly in one population in the W A P protected area complex, shared by Benin, Burkina Faso and Niger. Asiatic, or Asian lions, are somewhat smaller, weighing from 350 to 420 pounds. [137][91] Up to 80% of lion cubs will die before the age of two. Most lion vocalisations are variations of growling, snarling, meowing and roaring. It was originally used only by Rajputs, a Hindu Kshatriya or military caste but is used by millions of Hindu Rajputs and more than twenty million Sikhs today. A very large female lion at Big Cat Rescue. These were the first sightings of lions in the country in 39 years. [147] To avoid a buildup of scent attracting the attention of predators, the lioness moves her cubs to a new den site several times a month, carrying them one-by-one by the nape of the neck. Population densities of wild dogs are low in areas where lions are more abundant. Large prides, consisting of up to 30 individuals, have been observed. [68] Increased testosterone may be the cause of maned lionesses reported in northern Botswana. The female, or lioness, is smaller, with a body length of 1.5 metres, a shoulder height of 0.9â1.1 metres, and a weight of 120â180 kg. Large as some lions are, Siberian tigers -- a Panthera tigris subspecies -- grow to more than 930 pounds in weight in extreme cases. It is a social species, forming groups called prides. There is also a slight difference between primary weapon. [216] The ultimate proof of a tamer's dominance and control over a lion is demonstrated by the placing of the tamer's head in the lion's mouth. [14] It may have evolved around 320,000–190,000 years ago. Even though the female lions typically catch and kill the prey, the male lion east first. The geographic origin of the Panthera is most likely northern Central Asia. [85] Females form the stable social unit in a pride and do not tolerate outside females. Researchers therefore assume Ethiopia is a contact zone between the two subspecies. Female lions (lionesses) do all of the hunting in a pride - the male lions tend to step in and take any spoils of victory. A Female Lion (Lioness) weighs around 350 Pounds. Its fur varies in colour from light buff to silvery grey, yellowish red and dark brown. A giant mountain lion reported in Sports Afield Hunting Annual weighed 170 kg (375 pounds). [44][45] The leopon is a hybrid between a lion and leopard. The head and neck are the most common parts of the body licked; this behaviour may have arisen out of utility because lions cannot lick these areas themselves. Lions from North Africa dispersed to southern Europe and Asia between 38,800 and 8,300 years ago. [21], In zoos, lions have been bred with tigers to create hybrids for the curiosity of visitors or for scientific purpose. Although the cause of the decline is not fully understood, habitat loss and conflicts with humans are the greatest causes for concern. [238], In parts of West Africa, lions symbolised the top class of their social hierarchies. Eventually, when it is time to give birth, lionesses leave their family pride to find a private den in the shelter of bushes, or even a cave. [104] They usually avoid fully grown adult elephants, rhinoceroses and hippopotamus, as well as small prey like dik-dik, hyrax, hare and monkey. Females weigh a lot less than males, coming in at approximately 220 pounds (100 kg). An average male Californian sea lion typically weighs around 660 pounds (300 kg). [223], Lions do not usually hunt humans but some (usually males) seem to seek them out. The earliest surviving record of lion hunting is an ancient Egyptian inscription dated circa 1380 BC that mentions Pharaoh Amenhotep III killing 102 lions "with his own arrows" during the first ten years of his rule. [61] It starts growing when lions are about a year old. On hot days, the pride retreats to shade with one or two males standing guard. [102] Its prey consists mainly of mammals—particularly ungulates—weighing 190–550 kg (420–1,210 lb) with a preference for blue wildebeest, plains zebra, African buffalo, gemsbok and giraffe. Because lions have never been native to China, early depictions were somewhat unrealistic; after the introduction of Buddhist art to China in the Tang Dynasty after the sixth century AD, lions were usually depicted wingless with shorter, thicker bodies and curly manes. [227] Another study of 1,000 people attacked by lions in southern Tanzania between 1988 and 2009 found that the weeks following the full moon, when there was less moonlight, were a strong indicator of increased night-time attacks on people. Some females, however, take a role raising cubs that may be left alone for extended periods. Sea lions belong to a group of animals called pinnipeds, together with seals and walruses. [179][75], In the Republic of the Congo, Odzala-Kokoua National Park was considered a lion stronghold in the 1990s. Leroi-Gourhan, A., Allain J. It has a muscular, deep-chested body, short, rounded head, round ears, and a hairy tuft at the end of its tail. They weighed 3 3/20, 3 9/20, 2 3/10, and 2 4/5 pounds. 118.37–143.52 kg (261.0–316.4 lb) in Southern Africa. The male lion is 200kg, females 140kg, a male tiger 180kg, larger than the tiger with a female lion 130kg. [229], The lion is one of the most widely recognised animal symbols in human culture. Other benefits include possible kin selection; sharing food within the family; protecting the young, maintaining territory and individual insurance against injury and hunger. Another lion from Hectorspruit, eastern Transvaal, 1936, by Lennox Anderson, shot a male lion which weighed 313 kg, having the weight ⦠[163], Captive lions have been infected with canine distemper virus (CDV) since at least the mid 1970s. [231], Lions continue to appear in modern literature as characters including the messianic Aslan in the 1950 novel The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe and The Chronicles of Narnia series by C. S. Lewis,[262] and the comedic Cowardly Lion in L. Frank Baum's 1900 The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. [47] Lions occur in savannah grasslands with scattered acacia trees, which serve as shade. In the wild, males typically live 12 years; females average a lifespan of 15 years. As social creatures, they are rarely found alone and usually travel in large colonies. They enjoy swimming, which is a characteristic of tigers, and are very sociable like lions. In the Pleistocene, the lion ranged throughout Eurasia, Africa and North America, but today it has been reduced to fragmented populations in sub-Saharan Africa and one critically endangered population in western India. Such a group is called a "pride". It is interesting to note that female African lions are generally the same size as male Asiatic lions and the average weight of an African species is 410 pounds. Predators. [138] Crocodiles may also kill and eat lions, evidenced by the occasional lion claw found in crocodile stomachs. Both sexes of the Australian Sea Lion have stocky bodies, a large head and short narrow flippers. Some individuals consistently lead the defence against intruders, while others lag behind. [174] Lions also use chemical and visual marking; males will spray and scrape plots of ground and objects within the territory. [141] Like those of other cats, the male lion's penis has spines that point backward. [130] Cheetahs in particular often lose their kills to lions or other predators. Upper Paleolithic cave painting depicting cave lions. [117] Lions defend their kills from scavengers such as vultures and hyenas. Spotted hyenas have adapted by frequently mobbing lions that enter their territories. For nearly a century before the border was sealed, Mozambicans had regularly crossed the park in daytime with little harm. [250] The Lion Capital of Ashoka, erected by Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century CE, depicts four lions standing back to back. Males in coalitions of three or four individuals exhibit a pronounced hierarchy, in which one male dominates the others and mates more frequently. This lion king (pictured above) is a queen. [266], Lions are frequently depicted on coats of arms, like on the coat of arms of Finland,[267] either as a device on shields or as supporters, but the lioness is used much less frequently. Members of the pride tend to regularly play the same role in hunts and hone their skills. [40], Extinction of lions in southern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East interrupted gene flow between lion populations in Asia and Africa. Since 2008, the Asiatic lion has been listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List. A tigon (/ Ë t aɪ É¡ Én /) or tiglon (/ Ë t aɪ É¡ l Én /) is the hybrid offspring of a male tiger (Panthera tigris) and a female lion (Panthera leo) thus, it has parents with the same genus, but of different species.A pairing of a male lion with a female tiger is called a liger, also by portmanteau.. [36] They weight about 500 pound. The cat was killed in the Chaco region of Paraguay in 1958. Intermittent bursts of activity continue until dawn, when hunting most often takes place. This result suggested that the taxonomic position of lions in Central Africa may require revision. [111] Some evidence suggests, however, that males are just as successful as females; they are typically solo hunters who ambush prey in small bushland. African lions can grow to between 9 and 10 feet long (3 meters) from head to tail, with the tail being about 2 to 3 feet long (60 to 91 centimeters), according to the Smithsonian National Zoo. [199] Both sexes stand about 4 feet high. [197][198], Lions imported to Europe before the middle of the 19th century were possibly foremost Barbary lions from North Africa, or Cape lions from Southern Africa. What is a weight of a male and female lion Ask for details ; Follow Report by Zara87 14.06.2019 Log in to add a comment It is absent from rainforest and rarely enters closed forest. Genetic evidence revealed numerous mutations in lion samples from East and Southern Africa, which indicates that this group has a longer evolutionary history than genetically less diverse lion samples from Asia and West and Central Africa. In some medieval stories, lions were portrayed as allies and companions. Male lions are significantly larger than females, which weigh in at an average of 280 pounds. [96] Lions tend to assume specific roles in the pride; slower-moving individuals may provide other valuable services to the group. A Lioness (female lion) weighs around 250 to 300 pounds.a female lion or a lioness weights about 300 lbs. Male Lions are believed to be 500 Pounds. Full grown lions weigh up to about 350-500 pounds if healthy. Typically, the lion inhabits grasslands and savannas, but is absent in dense forests. [107], Young lions first display stalking behaviour at around three months of age, although they do not participate in hunting until they are almost a year old and begin to hunt effectively when nearing the age of two. Lions are powerful animals that usually hunt in coordinated groups and stalk their chosen prey. Generally sea lion pups weigh only about 6 kg (13 lbs) and are 2.5 feet long when born whereas the Steller's sea lion ⦠[244] The Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal is a famous sequence of Assyrian palace reliefs from c. 640 BC, now in the British Museum. Jocelyn P. asked ⢠08/06/18 A female lion had 4 cubs. [207] His two sisters, born in 1986, also reached the age of 22. [49], Of the living felid species, the lion is rivaled only by the tiger in length, weight, and height at the shoulder. [131] A study in the Serengeti ecosystem revealed that lions killed at least 17 of 125 cheetah cubs born between 1987 and 1990. In the rarer Asian subspecies, however, lions divide themselves into gender-specific prides in which males and females remain in separate groups except for mating time. Adult males weight about 40-60% more than females. OTHER NAME little lion dog. It has been listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List since 1996 because populations in African countries have declined by about 43% since the early 1990s. Notice the black spot of hair on the adult male (it surrounds the penis sheath), only males have this black spot (kittens are harder to differentiate but follow a similar pattern). Cubs Weight. [191][192][193] The Asiatic Lion Census conducted in 2017 recorded about 650 individuals. [117] They tend to squabble over kills, particularly the males. [125] Hyenas are bold enough to feed alongside lions and to force the lions off a kill. [122] Lions typically ignore spotted hyenas unless the lions are on a kill or are being harassed by the hyenas, while the latter tend to visibly react to the presence of lions, with or without the presence of food. Female and male lions associate only when mating. They are significantly bigger than female lions, which generally weigh about 280 pounds. [238] In much of African folklore, the lion is portrayed as having low intelligence and is easily tricked by other animals. [189], The last refuge of the Asiatic lion population is the 1,412 km2 (545 sq mi) Gir National Park and surrounding areas in the region of Saurashtra or Kathiawar Peninsula in Gujarat State, India. American and Tanzanian scientists report that man-eating behaviour in rural areas of Tanzania increased greatly from 1990 to 2005. [213] Further changes took place in the early 20th century when Carl Hagenbeck designed enclosures with concrete "rocks", more open space and a moat instead of bars, more closely resembling a natural habitat. http://www.sealioncaves.com/sea-lions.php. [47][48], The tail of all lions ends in a dark, hairy tuft that in some lions conceals an approximately 5 mm (0.20 in)-long, hard "spine" or "spur" that is formed from the final, fused sections of tail bone. An average male liger stands almost 12ft tall on its hind legs and weighs up to half a ton, twice the weight of a wild lion or tiger. AVERAGE SIZE OF FEMALE Height: 12-14 Weight: 8-18. [78] In Greece, it was common as reported by Herodotus in 480 BC; it was considered rare by 300 BC and extirpated by AD 100. [173] A common facial expression is the "grimace face" or flehmen response, which a lion makes when sniffing chemical signals and involves an open mouth with bared teeth, raised muzzle, wrinkled nose closed eyes and relaxed ears. However, they are not particularly known for their stamina â for instance, a lionessâ heart makes up only 0.57 percent of her body weight (a maleâs is about 0.45 percent of his body weight), whereas a hyenaâs heart is close to 1 percent of its body weight. Fully mature males weigh between 330 and 550 lbs. [86] Membership changes only with the births and deaths of lionesses,[87] although some females leave and become nomadic. She will often hunt alone while the cubs are still helpless, staying relatively close to the den. [182] In addition, 50 to 150 lions are estimated to be present in Burkina Faso's Arly-Singou ecosystem. The strategies seek to maintain suitable habitat, ensure a sufficient wild prey base for lions, reduce factors that lead to further fragmentation of populations, and make lion–human coexistence sustainable. [21] Jocelyn P. asked • 08/06/18 A female lion had 4 cubs. Maybe they are conditioned through th⦠When a pride becomes too large, however, the youngest generation of female cubs may be forced to leave to find their own territory. [145] The average gestation period is around 110 days;[141] the female gives birth to a litter of between one and four cubs in a secluded den, which may be a thicket, a reed-bed, a cave, or some other sheltered area, usually away from the pride. Apart ⦠They often work together to prey upon large mammals. Ice Age Lion Man is world's earliest figurative sculpture. The word 'lion' is derived from Latin: leo[4] and Ancient Greek: λέων (leon). Lion populations are untenable outside designated protected areas. [247], Indo-Persian chroniclers regarded the lion as keeper of order in the realm of animals. One of the most widely recognised animal symbols in human culture, the lion has been extensively depicted in sculptures and paintings, on national flags, and in contemporary films and literature. While defending their territory, male sea lions can go one to two months without eating food! [99] Coalitions of males hold territory for a longer time than single lions. The sculpture has been dated to least 32,000 years old—and as early as 40,000 years ago[236]—and originated from the Aurignacian culture. Careless lions may be maimed when hunting prey. [222] Trophy hunting of lions in recent years has been met with controversy; notably with the killing of Cecil the lion in mid-2015. Asiatic, or Asian lions, are somewhat smaller, weighing from 350 to 420 pounds. WOW! Due to the amount of skull variation in the two species, usually only the structure of the lower jaw can be used as a reliable indicator of species. [85] Males associated with a pride tend to stay on the fringes, patrolling their territory. Female Ligers are as big as Male African Lion. The male and female lions have a very obvious and different physical appearances (Sexual dimorphism). [42][43] The liger is bigger than a lion and a tiger, whereas most tigons are relatively small compared to their parents because of reciprocal gene effects. [5] The word lavi (Hebrew: לָבִיא) may also be related. The lionâs coat is short and varies in colour from buff yellow, orange-brown, or silvery gray to dark brown, with a tuft on the tail tip that is usually darker than the rest of the coat. 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